The Korean Divide essays

The Korean Divide expositions North Korea and South Korea was once one nation joined. That changed not long after World War II. Since the Soviet Union controlled North Korea it was for the most part Communist. North and South Korea were isolated on the 38th equal line. The United States controlled South Korea so it was chiefly law based. The Korean War started on June 25, 1950, when troops from Communist-controlled North Korea attacked South Korea. The Korean War was the main war where a world association, the United Nations (UN), assumed a military job. The UN felt that the intrusion was an infringement of universal harmony, and requested that the Communists pull back from South Korea. After North Korea continued battling the UN requested that its part countries help South Korea with military assistance. Sixteen nations sent soldiers to South America and 41 different nations sent military gear, food, and different supplies. China battled in favor of North Korea, and the USSR gave military hardware toward the North Koreans. North Korea attacked South Korea on the grounds that there was a difference between the two nations. The UN General Assembly advised Korea to hold races all through the whole nation. The decisions were to pick one government for the whole nation. The Soviet Union restricted this thought and would not allow decisions in North Korea. On May 10, 1947, the individuals of South Korea chose a national get together. The gathering decided to set up the Republic of Korea. On September 9, North Korean Communists built up the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. At the point when both North and South asserted the whole nation, their soldiers impacted. North Korea had around 135,000 fighters in their military. The greater part of the troopers battled for China or the Soviet Union in WWII. North Korea had numerous preferences over the South Korean Army. The North had planes, big guns, and tanks. South Korea had around 95,000 officers, hardly any planes or overwhelming firearms, and abdominal muscle ... <!

African press draws Haiti essays

African press draws Haiti articles African press draws Haiti exercises On Sunday, February 29, 2004 Jean-Bertrand Aristide left the nation of Haiti. It is obscure with respect to where the ousted President went to considering all kind of interchanges were cut of the earlier week in Haiti. The radio broadcasts were closed down; the TV slots were closed down and everybody were encouraged to remain inside. The hazy updates on Aristides whereabouts is exclusively for his wellbeing, so we are told. There was news that Aristide should go to Puerto Rico, however that arranged changed in the wake of finding that ex-president Cedars was sitting tight for Aristide in Haiti. The ex-leader of Haiti worked intimately with the revolutionaries of Haiti in the numerous overthrow reports that have happened while in office. Many radio broadcasts in Haiti presently are expressing that Aristide has gone to Africa. This is as yet talk as indicated by a 1020am Haitian station in Miami, FL. Despite the fact that there is little cheer for the intercession in Haiti, there is less for President Aristide who helped seal his own destiny, says South Africa's This Day. The observers in Africa truly dont need Aristide to shield there in light of the fact that they dread the issues, which follows Aristide. I ask myself as well as other people being referred to for what reason Africa. Aristide didnt leave the nation intentionally. It appears as if he did, yet when somebody recommend something to you just as you NEED to do it as opposed to you SHOULD, becomes as you actually now having a decision in the issue. I as well, accept that by Aristide going to Africa (if that is the situation) it some way or another spot the African nation in a tight position. Today Chief Justice, Bonaface Alexandre, a notable, very much regarded Law educator in Haiti, is controlling the Republic of Haiti. ... <!

SIPA Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year the SIPA Office of Career Services hosts a Career Fair in Washington, D.C. It is a two day event featuring panel discussions, a reception, and a day dedicated to informational interviews in the D.C. area. The Office of Alumni Affairs also is involved in planning the event and helps to ensure strong alumni participation. Dan Perez is a SIPA student that attended the event who volunteered to write about his experience. The Washington D.C. Career Conference was a superb event and was incredibly helpful for my ongoing internship search. The first day of the event was broken out into four different information sessions organized by career sector. I attended four sessions that day, including National Security, Consulting, Capitol Hill / Govt, and Research / Advocacy. In all four cases, the panels were well organized with alumni showing breadth of experience in those sectors. During each session, the alumni discussed their current positions, a bit about their time at SIPA and how the two were related. In all cases, they were very open about how SIPA had positively influenced their career prospects. Each session concluded with some spare time to approach the alumni individually, ask more specific questions and inquire about ongoing opportunities. The first day was capped by a reception held at the glamorous Four Seasons Hotel in the Georgetown neighborhood of D.C. With more than a hundred alumni in attendance, it provided opportunities for mingling both with new alumni and those at the earlier sessions. I followed up with an alumnus from Bearing Point from the session and asked him in-depth questions about the companys work and culture. I met younger alums only a year out of SIPA whom confessed of their longing to be back in New York City. I also talked with older alums who provided a great outlook on the D.C. job market and how great a time it was to enter government service. The second day of the conference provided time for scheduled informational interviews as well as previous site visits. I utilized the time to reach out to two alumni, one from my previous employer, the other from the Office of Management and Budget in the White House. In both cases, the alumni were very eager to chat about their careers as well as to catch up at current developments at SIPA. I left the conference very renewed in my job search.

Jewish Population And The United States - 2957 Words

Jewish Americans individuals are American citizens of either Jewish faith or ethnicity. The Pew Research Center 2013 survey indicates that the Jewish population, referring only to people whose religion is Jewish, totals at about 1.8% of the entire U.S. adult population, which is 4.2 million people (Chapter 1, 2013). When looking at the Jewish population of the U.S. (through association of religion or culture) the populace is estimated at between 5.5 and 6 million, making the U.S. the second largest home to the Jewish population, the first being Israel (Sherwin, n.d.). When comparing this data to the 1957 Current Population Survey, is it clear that the numbers have indeed risen. The amount of Jewish adults, by religion, rose about 15% over the last half-century (Chapter 1, 2013), while not a drastic number it certainly shows the American Jewish population is surely growing. This means that as more Jews continue to come to the United States, it is important that we learn to better und erstand them and their customs. American Jews are growing and slowly becoming a larger part of our society; by becoming better informed about the Jewish society and issues, we will be able to acquire a new perspective on how they live and incorporate themselves into the American culture. Regardless of the growing frequency of Jewish migrating to the United States, the community continues to confront the many issues as part of their assimilation. Through this process of assimilating,Show MoreRelatedA Creation For A Home For The Jewish People1488 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation movements are described as the repositioning of large, swaths of people through the process of human migration. Shifts in a given population’s demographic is attributed to natural, behavioral or economic factors, i.e. victims of natural disasters, refugee populations, and the relocation of people as a by-product of development projects. The creation of nations is a catalyst for population changes, i.e. displacements and migrations. State-building is at the core of population movementsRead MoreA Mixture Of Historical And Currents Facts About Israel Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesIsrael, Jewish, economy, technology, Middle East History of Origin One can say that the modern state of Israel is a direct result of World War II. Following the war, The British Mandate for Palestine (1920), which directed the administrative control by Britain of the territory formally under Ottoman Empire rule, ended on May 14, 1948. According to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (2016), or CIA, the United Nations then proposed a plan that would divide that same area into Jewish and ArabRead MoreNegligence in Reporting the Jewish Holocaust1123 Words   |  4 Pages The Jewish Holocaust, one of the most horrific mass murders in human history, took place from January 30, 1933 until May 8, 1945. Hitler blamed the Jewish population for Germany’s downfalls at the time, and his anti-Semitic views eventually led Germany to create a complicated scheme of Jewish extermination. Over six million Jewish lives were lost in this mass murder. America, usually portrayed as the country that lends a helping hand to all nations in desperate need, did absolutely nothing to aidRead MoreRussian Jews During The Immigration Era1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe societies become equal and diverse, and influenced many cultures in our country. They changed the way Americans history is today. Life during this period for Jews propaganda by government agents led to violent and dangerous pogroms throughout Jewish cities and towns. This increase in violence was the â€Å"push† for many Russian Jews to leave Russia and emigrate elsewhere.This caused Jews to leave the country by sneaking across borders. This source gave the reader the perspective of the Russians JewsRead MoreThe Victimization of The Jewish Culture Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesand Herzegovina, the targeting of Native Americans in early colonial periods, and the lynchings of African Americans are mass-based hate crimes. Today, hate crime has become more prevalent with approximately 1,002 documented hate groups in the United States (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011). More cases involving the violence of intolerance and bigotry appear, such as the murder of James Byrd because of his race and the killing of Matthew Wayne Sheppard because of his sexual orientation. In simpleRead MoreThe Conflict Between Jewish And Arab State1549 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Palestine declared independence as an Arab state, it still face obstacles in achieving its sovereignty. Former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat planned to officially announce the statehood of Palestine in 1996 (Quigley). This action received a strong response from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Netanyahu said recognition of Palestinian statehood would nullify the Israeli-Palestinian agreement. From this notion, Netanyahu threatened to invade Palestinian territories like the WestRead MoreThe Effects Of Jews On Jewish Population During The Nazi Regime1119 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning the Jews. On January 20th 1942, 15 leading officials of the Nazi state met at a villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, to discuss the â€Å"Final solution of the Jewish Question† (â€Å"The Final Solution,† 2015). They used the term â€Å"Final Solution† to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people. It is not known when the leaders of Nazi Germany definitively decided to implement their plan to eradicate the Jews† (â€Å"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,† 2015). Although, the genocide, or mass destructionRead MoreLife in the Ghettos: Controlling and Segret1328 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginate. The term â€Å"ghetto† originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, established in 1516, in which the Venetian authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live (United States United Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2013). The creation of ghettos for Jews in Frankfurt, Rome, Prague, and other cities were ordered by various officials, ranging from local municipal authorities to the Austrian Emperor Charles V. (United States United Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2013). German occupation authoritiesRead MoreThe Holocausts Effect on the German Jew Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal in life was to eliminate the Jewish populat ion. With his rise to power in Germany, he would put into action his plan of elimination. This is not only why German Jews were the main target of the Holocaust, but why they were a large part of the years before, during, and after the Holocaust. Hitler’s â€Å"final solution† almost eliminated the Jewish population in Europe during World War II. At the end of the war and along with his suicide, the Jewish population would survive the horror known asRead MoreAnti Semitism And The Holocaust876 Words   |  4 Pagesthe free, sanctuary for all those being hurt and oppressed, but this wasn’t always the case and just like the majority of the world during the 1930-1940’s they shunned the Jewish population. Why had a country who had been built on the principles of freedom allowed so much time to pass by silently waiting while the Jewish population was being slaughtered all over Europe. What could be the reason for doing nothing for so long, could it have b een the fact that they were completely unaware of what exactly

Essay on Marketing Plan For Gosford All Blacks R - 4103 Words

U55040: Principles of Marketing Management Marketing Plan For Gosford All Blacks RFC Name: Long Wai Student number: 13097771 Word count: 3016 words Table of Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................................................3 Organization Description...............................................................................................4 The Mission.....................................................................................................................4 The Goals........................................................................................................................5 Environmental†¦show more content†¦The Mission The mission of Gosford All Blacks is to aim to be the premier organization for providing quality rugby football in England, and throughout the UK. Through is quintessence of community involvement and sportsmanship while offering top-level rugby facilities. More importantly, the Gosford All Blacks mission is to offer harmonious, reputable, and competitive association that enables the players and other members to compete throughout the league. Thus developing an environment in which parents, supporters, and players can proudly associate with the club presently, and in the future. The Goals During the next two years, Gosford All Blacks will seek to achieve the following nonfinancial and financial goals: Non-Financial: Increase the number of players to the organization through innovative marketing strategies Increase participation from parents, new coaches, and other volunteers To create an enticing environment from the club and local area for the premier of the Rugby World Cup 2015. Financial: Expand the customer base Obtain more financing opportunities for fan merchandise, and increased distribution Increase advertising revenues Increase sponsorship from supporters in the surrounding area (local business, corporate sponsorships, and international businesses) The vision of GosfordShow MoreRelated Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kellys Donnie Darko6339 Words   |  26 Pagesproperties (silent, color) or purpose and effect (comic, educational). Further problems arise when attempting to distinguish characteristics between genres of fictional narratives. What are the specific differences between an Anarchic Comedy and a Black Comedy? There are characteristics that can be found in both genres and it is arguable that differentiation between the two genres is not important for understanding thematic or artistic issues found in films of either category. Categorizing genre

Quality Child Care Matters Free Essays

Mother’s have quite the dilemma when deciding when and if to return to work after giving birth to a child. Sometimes the choice is made for them due to financial reasons and sometimes they have the luxury of deciding on which is the best scenario for themselves and their families. In trying to make this decision, mothers may wonder if and how their absence and the choice of child care will affect their child. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Child Care Matters or any similar topic only for you Order Now In all the years I have spend in early childhood education and child care, I think I have probably seen all of the â€Å"scenarios† and know that there is no one right answer. Each situation is different and there are so many variables, even within each variable, but the evidence is so vast that there are certainly findings to please almost everyone (Belsky, 2009, p. 1). In my research on this delicate topic, I have come to the conclusion that the only two factors that can predict positive outcomes for children’s later development is the combination of child care quality and healthy family attachments and support. As you will see, there are so many variables and each plays into the other, but safe and secure relationships at home and in child care are the winning factors in this decades long debate. There are two well-known pieces of data that have been gathered which researchers have utilized throughout the years to study the effects of maternal employment on later development. The first was conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and began in 1979. The NLSY79 is a nationally representative sample of 12, 686 young men and women who were 12-22 years old when they were first surveyed in 1979. These individuals were interviewed annually through 1994 and are currently interviewed on a biennial basis† (US Dept. f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www. bls. gov/nls/y79summary. htm, para. 1). In 1986, the NLSY79 was used as â€Å"a separate survey of all children born to NLSY79 female respondents† to conduct more child-specific information† (US Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www. bls. gov/nls/nlsy79ch. htm, para. 8). Researchers such as Jay Belsky (1988) first utilized the NLSY79 data to study the effects of early and extensive maternal employment. Belsky, etc al. oncluded â€Å"that children who had initiated care for 30 or more hours per week in their first year and whose care at this level continued through their preschool years evinced poorer academic and social functioning than did children whose full-time care began sometime later – and that this was true whether one looked at teacher reports, parent reports, peer reports, or the children’s own self-reports† (Belsky Eggebeen, 1991, p. 1084). There were some problems with this early research and the data that was used to interpret outcomes. One of the problems was that the two groups studied (maternal employment and non-maternal employment) were too different in so many ways. â€Å"One of the most difficult methodological issues in studying this causal process is the fact that there are substantial differences between women who work soon after their child is born and women who do not† (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, Wen-Jui, 2005, p. 834). Another problem with this wave of research was that â€Å"the effects of different features of the child-care experience, particularly the quality of the care, the amount or quality of care, and the type of care† (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. 2007, p. 682) were not taken into account at the same time. Prior research â€Å"examined one or another feature of the child-care experience, but never all three† (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. , 2007, p. 682). The second wave of research was based on more specific data â€Å"to examine the concurrent, long-term, and cumulative influences of variations in early child care experiences on the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical development of infants and toddlers† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 1. . These researchers were interested not only in the effects of child-care, but the â€Å"endurance of effects† (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, 2007, p. 682). They continued to follow up with children from 4 ? – 11 years of age. This goal of this study was â€Å"accomplished through the implementation of a study design that takes into account the complex concurrent, long-term and cumulative interactions among characteristics of the family and home, of the child care environments, and of the child† (Friedman, 1992, p. 6). Researchers such as Jennifer Hill and Jane Waldfogel (2005) utilized the NICHD data to determine the effects of maternal employment with easier access to more varied situations. They broke up their results into four categories – Comparisons Between Worked After First Year and Never Worked, Comparisons Between Worked Part Time in the First Year and Did Not Work Until After the First Year, Comparisons Between Worked Full Time in the First Year Versus Did Not Work Until After the First Year, and Comparisons Between Worked Full Time in the First Year Versus Worked Part Time in the First Year (pp. 839-842). These researchers concluded that â€Å"negative effects of maternal employment on children’s cognitive outcomes were found in our analyses primarily for children whose mothers were employed full time in the first year postbirth as compared with children whose mothers postponed work until after their child’s first year of life and also as compared with mothers who worked part time in the first year. Negative effects in terms of increased externalizing behavioral problems were evident in each of these comparisons involving mothers who worked full time in the first year† (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, and Hann, 2005, p. 44). Although the use of the NICHD study did allow researchers to analyze the data utilizing more correlations between diverse situations, there is even later research that delves even deeper into the mixed bag of maternal work situations, family dynamics, home-life, child-care situations, etc. Heather Joshi, et al. , extended the studies even furthe r by including events such as, â€Å"additional information concerning the types of jobs that they return to: are these jobs routinized or do they provide a degree of autonomy† (2008, p. ). Also included in these studies is the â€Å"interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal characteristics and behaviors† and the â€Å"differences by gender† (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, Tzavidis, 2008, p. 2). The results of these more recent studies lend â€Å"only limited support to negative effect of mother’s employment per se during infancy and the pre-school years on later child well-being† (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, Tzavidis, 2008, p. ). The extent and expansion of variables for research surrounding maternal employment continues to grow. Joshi, et al. , are currently working on expanding on their set of â€Å"both maternal employment and maternal/family background variables† Joshi, Cooksey, V erropoulou, Menaghan, Tzavidis, 2008, p. 3) which should be completed sometime in 2009 (the results for which I have not yet been able to locate). There are four questions that have motivated current research on this topic. They have been identified as: Does extensive child care in the first year of life disrupt attachment between mother and child, what is the influence of varying types of in child care quality on children’s development, do long hours spent in child-care add to later behavior problems, and what are the effects of the types of child-care that are available? Mother-Child Attachment The earliest studies surrounding maternal employment and attachment came up with many mixed results which is one of the main reasons that the NICHD decided to begin their own study (1986). Assessment of the mother-child attachment relationship is made using various measures, including the Strange Situation† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 12). The Strange Situation was a psychological study designed by Mary D. Ainsworth which consisted â€Å"of eight episodes presented in a standardized order for all subjects† (1978, pp. 32-33) which tested the reactions of children, ages 12 – 18 months, w hilst in the presence of mother only, mother-stranger, stranger only, and alone (including the return of mother during each separation from her). According to the NICHD, â€Å"there were no significant main effects of child-care experience (quality, amount, age of entry, stability, or type of care) on attachment security or avoidance† and there were â€Å"significant main effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness† (NICHD, 1997, https://secc. rti. org/abstracts. cfm? abstract=9). These negative affects in attachment were also amplified when â€Å"combined with poor quality child care, more than minimal amounts of child care, or more than one care arrangement† (NICHD, 1997, https://secc. ti. org/abstracts. cfm? abstract=9). Child Care Quality The quality of the child-care of a child proves to be one of the most important factors when addressing the impact of child-care on child development. When assessing the impact of child-care quality, it is important to look at child-staff ratio, group size, and caregiver education and/or training. The quality of the interactions between caregivers and children, between peers, as well as how caregivers facilitate these interactions is also a tremendous indicator of child-care quality. According to the NICHD, children who experience high-quality child-care have higher scores on achievement and language tests, show fewer behavioral issues and better social skills. Programs like the federally funded Head Start can also function as an intervention for children from at-risk families/situations. In 2007, Belsky conducted a study based on the NICHD findings and concluded â€Å"that quality and type of care remained associated with children’s vocabulary and problem behavior† (2007, p. 297). In a 2002 study (also based on NICHD), researchers Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn concluded that children who participated in no non-maternal care and home-based, non-maternal care â€Å"would have gained the most from high quality center-based care and moreover, would have more consistently remained the bulk of these benefits overtime† (2002, p. 1). Hours Spent in Child Care Although the findings seem to be mixed, there is some evidence that the amount of hours spent in child care may be a cause for some behavior problems, namely aggressive behavior. The NICHD researchers (Belsky, Hill), did conclude that â€Å"children with more experience in child-care centers were rated by their teachers as showing somewhat more disruptive behavior in sixth grade† (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, n. d. , p. 2), but more recent research (Joshi, Cooksey, et al. ) explored â€Å"various interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal characteristics and behaviors† (2008, p. 2) to be added risk factors for behavioral issues. Type of Child Care There are also mixed findings in the effects of the type of child care situation a young child experiences. I feel rather strongly that a primary caregiver relationship is best for the young infants entering child care (whether it be in a more formal, group care setting or a private situation). Unfortunately most group child care programs do not offer a primary caregiver model which definitely contributes to the disorganization and unpredictability of the care that a child receives. With a primary care model, caregivers can â€Å"promote a stronger attachment than might happen if attachment were left to chance or if all the caregivers relate to the whole group without differentiation† (Gonzalez-Mena, 2007, p. 49). Penelope Leach, et al. also state that â€Å"children who experience greater caregiver stability while attending early years settings have been found to have more secure relationships with their caregivers and to show higher degrees of social competence† (2008, p. 180). When child care provider implement practices that support child development (whether it be group care of private care), the results are positive. What it all seems to come down to is that the effects of maternal employment are complex and vary from family to family, child care situation to child care situation, and parental style/characteristics. The NICHD researchers clearly suggest that â€Å"we seek to move beyond the determination of possible risks that may be presented by child care as a unitary category. Rather, we want to find out how the effects of non-maternal care vary as a function of different variables such as child care quality, the extent of its use, characteristics of the children and of their family and home† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 10). These factors combined with family income/education and child gender make for a very complicated study. One factor seems to influence the other and there are so many variables. The one thing that does stand out in all of the research is that developmental outcomes are dependent upon the quality of child care and family dynamics. When a child is feeling supported by both his/her parents and the people that care for him/her, the outcomes are favorable. Quality child care programs support cognitive, physical, social-emotional development, but unfortunately so many families do not have access to these programs due to their lack of availability and the high cost of most quality programs. A proof in point is that I am currently a private child care provider and due to my expertise, I am able to charge higher rates than others in my field, but only families that can afford these rates are able to hire me. The sad thing is that â€Å"a national study of 100 child care centers found that 92% of them provided inadequate care to infants† and â€Å"it was reported that two in five centers were rated less than minimal† (FSU Center for Prevention Early Intervention Policy, http://www. peip. fsu. edu/resourceFiles/resourceFile_81. pdf). Keep in mind that these figures are based on child care centers with varied tuition rates in various parts of the county. Those numbers are just staggering and unacceptable, but make perfect sense when you take into account that child care providers are usually not professionally trained or minimally trained and receive very low wages. Teacher training and regulations on child care centers are getting stricter which is a good sig n. More and more mothers are returning to work and it is only cost effective that the investments we make in early child care practices will result in better adjusted and academically successful children in the years to come. References Ainsworth, M. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation Philadelphia: Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. Belsky, J. Eggebeen, D. (1991, January 1). Early and extensive maternal employment and young children’s socioemotional development: children of the national longitudinal survey of youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(4), 1083-98. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ440714). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Belsky, J. , Vandell, D. , Burchinal, M. , Clark-Stewart, K. , McCartney, K. , Owen, M. (2007, March 1). Are there long-term effects of early child care?. Child Development, 78(2), 681-701, (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ756658). Retrieved August 15 From ERIC database. Belsky, J. (2009, March). Effects of child care on development. Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues. Birkbeck University of London. Gonzalez-Mena, J. Infants, toddlers, and caregivers. Boston: McGraw-Hill. FSU Center for Prevention Early Intervention Policy. (n. d. ). Research on quality child care For infants and toddlers. Retrieved August 25, 2009 from https://www. cpeip. fsu. edu. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002, September 1). Different effects of high quality Care. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 601-627. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ772831). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , Brooks-Gunn, J. , Han, W. (2005, November 1). Maternal employment and child development: a fresh look using newer methods. Developmental Psychology, 41(6), 833-850. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ733669). Retrieved August 25, 2009. Joshi, H. , University of London, Cooksey, E. , The Ohio State University, Verropoulou, G. , University of Piraeus, Menaghan, E, The Ohio State University, Tzavidis, N. , University of Manchester. (2008). Combining childrearing with work: do maternal employment experiences compromise child development. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://iussp2009. princeton. edu/download. aspx? submissionId=92322. Leach, P. Barnes, J. , Malmberg, L. , Sylva, K. , Stein, A. (2008, February 1). The quality of different types of child care at 10 and 18 months: a comparison between types and factors related to quality. Early Child Development and Care, 178(2), 177-209. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ782856). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Motherhood-extent and effects of maternal employment. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 26, 2009 from http://family. jrank. org/pages/1187/Motherhood-Extent-Effects-Maternal- Employment. html National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Scientific briefs: how early child care affects later development. (2007). Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://www. developingchild. net. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care: A comprehensive Longitudinal Study of Young Children’s Lives. (1992, June 1). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED353087). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (1987). The effects of infant child care on infant- Mother attachment security: results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 68. How to cite Quality Child Care Matters, Papers

Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host Community MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host Community. Answer: Introduction: Aviation industry is one of the major components running the global economies today with numerous countries investing so much in it to drive the economic strategies. The industry facilitates transportation of both heavy cargo as well as passenger to various destinations across the globe. It has greatly contributed to the growth of different economic sectors of various countries, including transport, tourism, the employment sector, trade and international relations and cooperation. The global aviation industry has unified the world through quick transportation, international trade and diplomatic relations; which has led to meaningful diplomatic cooperation between global nations. Although most countries have invested heavily in their aviation sectors, it is known that the degree of investments in this industry differs from country to country with economically superior nations such as the UK having much developed aviation industries. The aviation industry plays a big economic role in travel and tourism sectors. It also contributes to employment of various professionals in the field of aviation profession. Aviation industry has enhanced rapid growth in the global tourism sector, by enabling transportation of passengers across the world to the tourist destinations. It is estimated for instance that, in the UK, aviation industry supports tourism activities by enabling transportation of over 2.8 billion passengers in a year (Perovic 2013). This directly impacts on the economic growth of the country as the revenue collected both from the tourism and air transport translates into national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The significance of the tourism to the UK government necessitates creation of favourable environment for tourist activities and this includes providing reliable means of transport. With the increased competition in aviation industry among various countries (Bel Fageda n.d.), the UK aviation industry has a task to keep up the standards, and deliver quality services. The Impact of Aviation Sector to Tourism London being the largest city and the capital of the UK is a major tourist attraction centre. The city has a rich ancient history with a lot of tourist attractions sites which makes it a very important economic city within the country. With the much interest across the world from foreigners to visit the city, the aviation sector comes in as a crucial player facilitating locomotion of people to their different destinations in London. The historical greatness of the London city makes it a dream city to visit for most visitors across the world. According to (Regeneris Consulting 2013), Heathrow airport in London alone transports over seventy million passengers a year. With these aviation activities in passenger transportation, the tourism industry is the greatest beneficiary. Tourism in London contributes greatly to its economy. The city has experienced recent economic growth due to the improved aviation sector leading to increased visitations from the foreigners. With the recent hosting of the Olympics games in 2012, the number of event tourists that flocked the city boosted the economy through tourist expenditure (Blake 2005). The event also led to increased international media coverage, which raised the global attention towards the city. With the a host of international athletes, officials and spectators all braced up for the London experience in the year 2012, the aviation sector played a very huge role of transporting the foreign visitors from various parts of the world in to London. The aviation sector apart from being number one tourism promoter has also been a strong player in advancing the infrastructural development within the city. For tourism to flourish, good roads are required to connect the airports and the various tourist destination centers. The Aviation industry in the UK has successfully fulfilled this expectation. The proposal of the expansion of the Heathrow airport was as a result of forecast of potential increase in the number of visitors who would visit the city of London (Boon et al. 2008). This coupled with the cheap air prices and excellent services also played a big part in promoting London to Olympic Games host city. All this translates to revenues for the London economy and the high numbers predicted to flock the city after the expansion of the Heathrow airport and 2012 Olympic Games was a good economic indicator for the London City. The aviation industry has been the connecting factor between the people of the UK and their relatives abroad and has also enabled adoption of immigrant workforce. With high numbers of different cultural diversities converging in the UK cities such as London, there is introduction of new cultures, hence making London not just a tourism centre but a centre for cultural diversity. The existence of the competitive and modern aviation industry at the heart of the London city and the UK at large has been the greatest game changer in the various economic aspects more just than tourism alone. The aviation industry has transformed London to a more diverse city more economically; improvement of infrastructure has been notable, e.g. the expansion of the Heathrow airport to accommodate more visitors in to the city. The industry for instance, in 2004, directly contributed to the UK GDP over 10 billion and created employment for over 180,000 people which is a massive boost for the economic growth (Oxford Economic Forecasting 2006). The industry also supports other sectors indirectly as it plays a crucial role in their existence and performance. Serving as a link up with other upcoming and robust economies such as china, the aviation industry promotes international trade between the UK and other countries such as China. The international trade and diplomatic cooperation enables tourism between the countries involved. It is common nowadays for the UK citizens to travel abroad to other nations for tourism activities due to enhanced diplomatic relations. It is widely known that for the successful performance of a tourism industry in any country, the excellent aviation industry comes in as an inevitable factor that directly enhances tourism as well as promoting its activities. It is fundamental to invest in aviation industry if at a nation wishes to achieve its tourism goals for their citizens (Alsolami et al. 2015). For sustainable tourism, the aviation industry should play at its top game ensure frequent flow of tourists within and without tourist destinations. The UK aviation industry has facilitated sustainable tourism in their major city of London. According to (Wong Choong 2014), London city was the most visited city in the year 2004, with over 18 million visitors. The increased number of visitors within the UK arrives through the Heathrow airport in London, a point that epitomizes the tourist hub status the city has. With majority of the UK visitors having to enter through London, it gives the city an added advantage to its tourism economy as most of the visitors spend considerable amount of time within the city hotels before travelling elsewhere while others pitch their camp within the city altogether. But with all the factors favouring the UK aviation industry in boosting the tourism industry, it is wise to acknowledge that sustaining the good run of boom tourism industry has not been without challenges. According to (Cheng n.d.), the increased numbers of people flocking the Heathrow airport has caused a lot of human traffic. Long immigration queues means that the airports facilities are overwhelmed. Another notable indicator is the decrease of number of tourists especially in the year 2014; a call up for the needed improvement in performance of key areas that facilitate the growth of tourism. The tourism record deficit of slightly over 16 billion (UK Tourism Statistics 2015) indicated that there has been a fluctuating trend in the number of tourist activities within the major UK cities. The recent political events such as brexit, means that the industry will be affected. The Impact of Sustainable Tourism Tourism is major revenue generator for the UK economy. The sector in conjunction with the hospitality industry and the aviation sector are strong economic drivers. There is a strong relationship between the aviation industry and tourism. The aviation industry plays a key complimentary role in ensuring the sustainable tourism while in return, tourism rewards economy with revenue generation from tourism activity charges, as well as creation of employment. Tourism has been an important source of employment for many citizens in the UK (Oxford Economics 2015), and also it is an important sector that contributes heavily on the GDP. London city, the main capital of the country is the major player in tourism holding larger share and highest employment uptakes. For sustainable tourism over continuous period of time, investing strategically in support industries is fundamental, as they provide a direct injection of energy in to the tourism sector. A better aviation industry, developed hospitality industry and good roads and infrastructure coupled with favourable economic conditions are major catalysts of sustainable tourism. The UK and its major cities such as London have enjoyed stable conditions that facilitate tourism activities. The 2012 Olympic Games in London further boosted the countries event tourism sector. According to (London Partners 2015), event tourism and leisure alone in the city contributes over 2 billion to the citys economy, which is a massive boost. But with all these achievements in the tourism industry in London, there lies a major facilitator in the name of Heathrow airport, the number one airport in the UK that handles majority of the passenger entries as well as handling international cargo for the international trade. There is inseparable relationship between the aviation and the tourism industries. According to (Stop Stansted Expansion 2012), there are two main ways in which the UK aviation industry directly relates with the UK tourism industry. The UK aviation industry both in the country and overseas contributes heavily on the tourism by facilitating visits in to UK from overseas residents. Similarly, the aviation industry also facilitates overseas visits of the UK residents by air, which translate in the revenue for the aviation industry. It is estimated that in the year 2010 alone, the UK aviation industry facilitated over 20 million visits of overseas residents in the country, including business visits and over 40 million UK residents made visits abroad. Therefore, the sustainability of tourism heavily depends on the aviation industry to ensure constant flow of the visitors in and outside the country. The social responsibility of aviation industry has ensured that sustainable tourism is maintained. The UK tourism industry contributes over 4% of the GDP, generated from hospitality and transport sectors (Heathrow n.d.). Having a good road network connecting the cities, and airports developed as well as diverse hospitality industry have contributed hugely to sustainable tourism within the country and its major cities. With all the factors influencing tourism in favour of the industry, there are greater benefits that are achieved as a result. Tourism is major economic player in the development of infrastructure, and creation of employment, both seasonal and permanent. Sustainable tourism and how it impacts on the economy, hence, is not just a one sector function. It goes from having a good aviation industry that fulfills the customers expectations (Kamarudin 2015), to a developed hospitality industry and favourable political environment. The benefits of tourism to many countries economies are invaluable, the benefits gained are greater and this is why the UK recognizes the importance of having a strong aviation industry to sustain tourism activities. The Relationship between Aviation Industry and Tourism There is high possibility that the tourism industry can operate without the aviation industry. During the times before industrial revolution in Europe and Middle East, tourism industry still operated under set standards. But the conspicuous difference is that, with the emergence of the aviation industry, a lot has changed. The tourism industry has improved tremendously as it benefits from the logistical services provided by the aviation sector, with reduced amount of travelling time enabling mass transportation of travelers from one tourist destination to another. The sustainability of tourism entirely means the ability of managing tourism activities and its ability to impact on the economy through job creation, and a sustaining economy for the local people as well as respect for cultural aspects of the society (Kozak Kozak 2011). But for the tourism to attain sustainable status, it has to be supplemented by the aviation sector. The economically superior countries such as the UK still had their tourism and hospitality industries running before the emergence of the aviation sector. Cities like London had already diverse cultures enhanced by the ancient barter trade. The mutual relationship between tourism and aviation sector is a post-industrial revolution milestone that has experienced robust economic growth among the various nations across America, Europe and Asia. The development and commercialization of the aviation has completely changed the face of tourism industry. With the movements of people made easier from one country to another through air transport, it has now become much easier for the modern cities of the London caliber with rich cultural history to sell out itself for the potential visitors coming to have a view at the historically great city and having a general feel of a new diverse environment (Zaei Zaei 2013). The world economy has experienced a boom over the last fifty years opening up economic opportunities and expansion of the economies (Ashley et al. n.d.). The economic growth is facilitated with the increased business competition among nations. Science and technology has evolved the world in to more commercialized global village. As such, the most countries have developed their important sectors of the economy, with aviation industry and tourism being the most prioritized ones as they directly enhances economic growth both directly and indirectly. In recent days, the countries have developed the aviation and tourism industries in such a way that, they have to directly depend and supplement each other for maximum generation of the GDP. Global tourism competition means that only the best packaged tourist destinations such as the London city win the larger market share due to high number of tourist visits. Likewise, the best packaged aviation company wins the most passengers and airline business. The open common logic is that when you take away the aviation industry services from the tourism sector, then tourism performance would emphatically fall. Likewise when you take way the tourism activities from the aviation industry, there would be no more numbers of tourist passengers for the aviation industry to transport hence the industrys business would fall. This explains the mutual relationship between the Tourism and Aviation industries. It is characteristically common for most countries with poor aviation industries to have a subsequent poor tourism industry. Since the UK government realizes the economic importance of tourism and that tourism must be integrated into important unit of the economy (Simoni Mihai 2012); they have resorted to strengthening their aviation sector through the expansion of airports such as Heathrow at the heart of the nations economic hub, that is, the city of London. Challenges of the Aviation Industry on Tourism The contribution of aviation industry to sustainable tourism faces numerous challenges from the ever changing world. The current world political events ranging from the brexit vote in the UK, to fierce competition among the global aviation industries and terrorism as an emerging security issue in the contemporary world, are all genuine problems that have negatively impacted badly on the aviation industry, leading to decline of the tourism sector. Tourism is dependent on various environmental aspects and altering one would be felt across the industry (Spanou 2007). The recent brexit vote conducted in the UK to exit the European Union has also impacted negatively on both aviation and tourism industries. The reaction to the shock results and decision of the British citizens to leave their European counterparts was a less received idea across the world. There was an immediate reaction from across the globe causing the British sterling pound to fall in strength dramatically. This meant that the most businesses in the country were affected by the political events and the aviation industry together with the tourism industry too suffered. Lastly, terrorism, a big security menace has ruined many peoples lives across the world affecting business and tourist activities; leaving many in the trauma and battered (Baker 2014); (Bobbitt 2008). Terrorism is an international problem which affects international tourism. The emergence of the Islamic State in the Middle East has spread immensely to other parts of the world including Europe and the UK. The global security is being tested by the emergence of the sophisticated tourist antics including suicide bombing of innocent people. Nowadays, planes being hijacked mid-air or disappearances are not something new. The aviation industry has been hit hard by terrorist acts across the globe and the number of tourists has considerably reduced as less people are willing to take a gamble in an open sea of uncertainty in the name of enjoyment. Conclusion The aviation industry has immensely contributed to the growth and expansion of tourism industry. This in turn has facilitated economic expansion benefiting the countries national GDP, and creation of employment. The London city, one the most visited cities in the world has a robust tourism and hospitality sector, aided by equally robust aviation industry within the country. Heathrow airport in London contributes by facilitating visits both within and outside the UK and London. With the aviation and tourism industries both being important players in creation of employment and generation of revenue, they have also faced challenges ranging from political to terrorism, but recovery is always never an option, it is mandatory (Coshall 2003). From this comprehensive report about the contribution of the aviation sector to the tourism, there are two main recommendations for the aviation and tourism players that they can properly utilize for future improvement: Diversifying the tourism industry and aviation sector to other cities will enhance a variety of tourist activities and aviation growth. Over concentrating too much on one city such as London as the centre of every aviation and tourism and hospitality activities would deprive other cities a chance to grow and diversification of economic activities. As the rise of the global security problems persists through terrorism, the UK government should prioritize tight security in the aviation and tourism sector in order to realize the goal of having a sustainable tourism industry. References Alsolami, HA, Guan, KT, Leong, YC, Abdullah, AR Md. NurulIslam, G 2015, 'Transformation of Airport Industries: A Fresh Review of Global Changes ', International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management , vol III, no. 8, pp. 492-503. Ashley, C, De Brine, P, Lehr, A Wilde, H, 'The Role of The Tourism In Expanding Economic Opportunity', Economic Opportunity Series, pp. 1-56. Baker, DMA 2014, 'The Effects of Terrorism on the Travel and Tourism Industry ', International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, vol 2, no. 1, pp. 58-67. Bel, G Fageda, X, 'Aiport Management And Airline Competition In OECD Countries', University of Barcelona and Harvard University, Cambridge (MA). Blake, A 2005, The Economic Impact of the London 2012 Olympics , Christel DeHaan Tourism and Travel Research Institute , Nottingham NG8 1BB. Bobbitt, P 2008, Terror and Consent, Allen Lane. Boon, B, Davidson, M, Faber, J, Nelissen, D van de Vreede, G 2008, 'The economics of Heathrow expansion ', Final Report, CE Delft, , Delft. Cheng, LY, 'Does the economic case favour a new airport runway at Heathrow, Gatwick or elsewhere? ', Essay, Westminster School. Coshall, JT 2003, 'The threat of terrorism as an intervention on international travel flows', Journal of Travel Research, vol 1, no. 42, pp. 4-12. Heathrow, 'A Focus on The Economy: Towards a sustainable Heathrow ', Business Report. Kamarudin, RF 2015, 'Managing Customer Expectation for Passenger Service at Airport ', Managing Customer Expectation For Passenger Service at Airport , pp. 1-17. Kozak, M Kozak, N 2011, 'Sustainability of Tourism: Cultural and Environmental Perspectives', The Kelvingrove Review , no. 11, pp. 1-3. London Partners 2015, 'The Impact Of Event Tourism On London's Economy'. Oxford Economic Forecasting 2006, 'The Economic Contribution of the Aviation Industry in the UK ', Business Report, 121, St Aldates, Oxford, OX1 1HB , Oxford. Oxford Economics 2015, 'The economic contribution of the UK hospitality industry ', Buisness Report, British Hospitality Association. Perovic, J 2013, 'The Economic Benefits of Aviation and Performance in the Travel Tourism Competitiveness Index', The Travel Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 , pp. 57-68. Regeneris Consulting 2013, 'London Heathrow Economic Impact Study ', Business Report. Simoni, S Mihai, D 2012, 'Tourism Organization and Coordination in Australia and the Managerial Strategy for Tourism Development', Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, no. 5. Spanou, E 2007, 'The Impact of Tourism on the Sociocultural Structure of Cyprus', Tourismos: an International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, vol 2, no. 1, pp. 145-162. Stop Stansted Expansion 2012, 'Aviation, Jobs and The UK Economy '. UK Tourism Statistics 2015, 'Tourism: Proven Potential to Generate More Exports, Jobs and GVA ', Business Report, Tourism Alliance. Wong, YH Choong, D 2014, Aircraft noise linked to higher rates of heart disease and stroke near Heathrow. Zaei, ME Zaei, ME 2013, 'The Impacts Of Tourism Industry On Host Community ', European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Research , vol I, no. 2, pp. 12-21.

IT Project

System request Companies dealing in car rental business have been experiencing a higher demand of cars for rent than what they can supply. The main challenge in this case is the increasing number of visitor into the country as well as the expansion of the tourism industry. This is brought about by the massive investment in infrastructure and business that has made Abu Dhabi a stopping point for most of the tourist.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on IT Project-Planning phase specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prominent individual including sportsmen, actors and actresses, models, great organization leaders, and even presidents have been known to visit Abu Dhabi for their holidays, meetings and shopping. The country has some of the best shopping malls in the word. Much capital inflow in form of investment from both the citizens and foreigners has become common in Abu Dhabi. There is need to improve the systems being c urrently used by the car rental businesses in the market to serve customers. Most of the systems are manual and time consuming leading to unwanted delays. The car rental businesses, who are the clients for this software have requested for efficient system software that will cater for the increasing demand. The software should provide for easier coordination of tasks and quick retrieval of data. The system should also store much information concerning the client and the car for easier record keeping and follow up. The client wants a system that can be adopted into their current system without so much change in terms of requirements. The software should utilize the readily available hardware and not demand for complete change of the entire system Problem statement After thorough assessment of the situation in the Abu Dhabi car rental businesses, we saw that there was need to address the situation. The demand for cars to rent is higher than what businesses can provide. The main reason is that the system used by most businesses does not allow quick and efficient service delivery to the customers. The service per customer in a unit time is too big and thus much time is spent serving a few customers. The software to be developed is to be done in such a way that it provides a database for storing both client and vehicle details. The software should also allow for online transactions without getting congested.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that it should have the capability of handling as many transactions as possible without causing any delays in the system. Another critical element that the software should meet is the memory. Much information will be stored within the system including the terms and conditions for the contract, the client details, car details, charges per day, car history, time span for the contract and any other data as need ar ises. This information has to be accommodated within the system. Development of the software shall involve adoption of other available software of same functionalities that will be modified and customized to meet the current demands. Business profile Abu Dhabi is among the most visited areas by tourists in the world. Car rental business has been on the increase with many companies venturing into the sector. The country has many tourist attracting features and that draws tourist from different regions of the world into the country for different purposes. There are those who visit the country for leisure purposes, for commercial purposes whereas others for business meetings and conferences. The country is continually growing and therefore, attracting more tourists. Visitors would always want to tour different places within the country. As mentioned before, most people visiting the country are foreigners who mainly come for a shorter time. This implies that as long as the number of tou rists into the country is increasing, the car rental business shall also be on the increase. In fact, the current businesses available cannot meet the market demand. Abu Dhabi is known for its prestigious hotels, world-class shopping malls, prominent buildings, and famous conference facilities in the world. It is also an attractive spot for businesses in various domains. There are so many opportunities for business within the country that no one can afford to be idle. Car rental business has proved to be one of the fastest growing businesses within the country. The main reason behind this growth is the expanding tourism sector. Most tourists would want to drive around and visit various places within the country. In addition, most of the visitors in the country are international dignitaries and high class persons who would want to move around in private cars.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on IT Project-Planning phase specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More Because of their short-term stay in the country, most of them would opt for using rental cars than buying new ones. The current system of car renting by most companies is manual and this takes longer when serving customers. Most customers would wish to carry out all their transactions online without making longer queues to get the service. Some companies have gone a step farther and implemented an online system of booking cars. However, this has also not been successful because of the number of customer wishing to use the service. Instead, it has resulted in congestions and thus slowing down the speed of service delivery to the esteemed customers. Most of the companies in this sector are large with several departments. The number of employees varies from 100 to 500 depending on the size of the company and client base. Clients are many and their demand for cars for rental is higher than what the companies can offer. Business aims and objectives T he business goals and objectives for this particular project shall be to come up with software that shall bring forth the following results: Ensure efficiency and quick retrieval of data Ensure better record keeping of client and vehicle details Enhance the ability and effectiveness of the members of staff to perform tasks as planned Eliminate incidents of superfluous data entries within the company Promote an online system of data entry and retrieval Provide a user-friendly interface for transactions Project goals and objectives Ensure user participation in the design of the software Ensure realization of all the business goals and objectives within the set time span and budgeted funds. Lessen the impact of the software system on the basic operations of the business The scope of the project Customers prefer a user-friendly interface that will provide them with quicker services efficiently. This project aims at developing software system that will be adopted by companies in the car renting business. The benefits of using the software will not only benefit the service providers but also the customers at large. For instance, customers will be required to enter their details and select the model of the car they wish to hire. The system immediately will provide them with the available cars of that model as well as their government assigned registration numbers. The system will help car dealers to find the details of clients with particular cars just at the click of a mouse. They will only enter the registration number of the car and all the details about the client having the car are displayed. The software will enhance efficiency in the operation. Additionally, the software will help car rental businesses to accommodate the increasing number of customers and avoid confusions brought by ineffective manual systems.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of improved efficiency, companies will save much time and increase their turnover. This project shall involve a number of activities and processes. Some of the processes and activities pertaining to the project include; Phase 1: signing contractual agreements This shall involve entering into contracts with the respective companies. The companies that will be willing and ready to adopt the software shall enter into contract with the software developer and accept to the terms and conditions related to the contract. The other stakeholders involved at this level shall be the project sponsor, the team of professional experts, and the coordinating panel. Phase 2: detailed design It shall involve detailed design of the project. This entails bringing together the required tools for the software and assembling them together into the desired form that finally will produce the desired software. It shall also involve generating the codes as well as assembling the required hardware for t he development process. Thereafter, detailed documentation on the software developed shall be done before presenting the product for testing and validation. Phase 3: Installation and testing It shall involve installation and testing of the software for presentation purposes. After the software has been developed and the related documents processed, it shall be tested whether or not it meets the purpose for which it was meant. This shall be done in a form of presentation to the panel of clients and other clients for purposes of validation. In case it is found inefficient it shall be modified until it meets the ultimate target for the project. Phase 4: integration of hardware and software It shall involve amalgamating the hardware required and the software developed into a system. This shall be done at the business premises of the various companies that would have subscribed to the software. Phase 5: Training After a successful testing and installation of the software, there remains a need to train the staff and technicians on the functionality of the software. Users have to familiarize with the new system and know well how it works. This shall be done for purposes of maintenance and operations of the system. Feasibility evaluation Risk assessment The software to be developed will bring forth efficiency and ensure quick service delivery to the customers. Some of the benefits of this software are development of a client database that shall ensure quick retrieval of necessary data by the respective companies. It shall also ensure proper coordination within the companies hence leading to a well-organized internal system. As a result, much time shall be saved as well as increasing the output of the companies involved. When compared to the current system in use by most companies, the new system shall enable these companies to reach many customers and the work rate shall also improve drastically when using this system. The following shall be required for the developme nt of the software and its successful application. Hardware requirements In the development of the project, the main hardware requirements shall be around five computers with 512MB RAM and a memory of not less than 80GB. These shall be connected and networked to allow for faster flow of work within the company Software requirements The software shall be tailored in such a way that it is compatible with all available operating systems. However, for security purposes, anti-virus software shall be required to boost the system and avoid any system breakdown because of malware and other software hazards. Technical requirements The development of the software shall require experts to carry out all the operations until the product is realized. Once developed, less is required to run and maintain the system. The system shall need at least three experts in addition to other employees to run. In a nutshell, this project shall lead to a reduction in the operational costs. There will also be a remarkable decrease in personnel payment costs as the system will need a lesser number of personnel to run. Most important, the software shall increase the turnover of the company due to an increased client base. Qualitatively, the software shall enhance quick decisions within the company because data can be accessed faster and the intended decision made on time. As outline in the preceding sections, this software shall enable the user to retrieve all the information concerning the whereabouts of a particular car by entering its registration number. All the information including the contacts of the client shall be displayed on a click of a mouse. Moreover, the adoption of the software shall be a competitive tool in the market as those companies using the tool shall have an advantage of reaching a larger number of customers. On the other hand, there are risks involved when using this software, especially during the early times of its application. Most customers may shun away from usi ng the software because of the fear of losing their money. Therefore, some customers may go elsewhere the old system is used. The new system software is likely to attract a negative public perception because many employees shall be laid off thus leading to unemployment. The software is developed to reduce the costs of operations and maximize on the profits of the respective companies. Despite the limitations, the software has more benefits when applied and therefore remains the best option for efficiency. Table 1: Expected costs ITEM Quantity Cost ($) Hardware requirements Computer 5 @500 Uninterruptible Power system (UPS) 5 @70 Software requirements Antivirus software 1 per computer @10 Operating system 1 per computer @50 Technical requirements Technicians for maintenance 3 @500 pm Training staff on the use 1000 Software development experts 5 1000 Testing the software 200 Other costs System upgrades 150 Operational costs 100 Training developers in updated technologies 370 Project assumptions The software will be designed in such a way that it can be used with almost any available operating system. The most obvious ones are Microsoft Windows (in all its formats) and Mac OS. The software should easily work in harmony with other drivers such as those providing the connection to the printer and the company’s database. This will help in streamlining of operations, from the front desk all the way to the administration office. In addition, the following were assumed when preparing this plan: plan is subject to alterations depending on the emerging issues Constraints Car rental businesses are willing to adopt the new AutoXpress car rental software. The managerial team will ensure all the team players are available at all times The coxswaining panel shall get involved fully in the execution of the whole project. Failure to make the necessary changes within the specified time limits will result into delays that will auto matically hamper other processes All the players in this project shall be bound by the set rules and regulations without compromise. The project constraints AutoXpress will be a relatively easy software to handle and will therefore work on computers with different system specifications. However, it is also necessary to note that there has to be a base limit of requirements for it to run effectively. Verification and validation is also a demanding task, given the competitive nature of the software design industry. As such, it will take a lot of work to ensure that all loopholes are sealed, if this software is to pick up in the market. Because of the need to store information on the cars’ history, it will also be mandatory that the clients who use the software be in a position to afford proper data storage facilities, the other option being to hand-over the function to companies that specialize in data storage and distribution. Some of the major barriers to this project are: There are insufficient financial sources for the project funding The legalities related to this project cause many uncertainties on resource availability. The project is faced with a challenge of withdrawal of funding by the sponsors In case of war outbreak, the implementation of the project shall be completely hampered Table 2: Project work plan Time required Software project management plan 1 week Specifying Software requirements (both hardware and software) 1 week Preparation of design documents 2 weeks Preparation of a validation plan for quality assurance and verification of the software 6 days Software design and development 5 weeks Presentation of the developed software 3 days Updating the software 1 week Database preparation and installation 1 week Testing and validation of the software 1 week Integrating the system 5 days Final presentation 1 day Installation of the software 1 week Training users on the operation of the software 2 weeks Rec ommendations for the next phase The next phase should focus on the division of the tasks and assigning of roles. The criteria for choosing a professional team to steer the project to completion should be set up. The various consultants required for the successful completion of the project should be identified and their participation in the project defined in the next phase. The tasks should be broken down into smaller units and each participant or group assigned specific task to accomplish within the time span specified. This report on IT Project-Planning phase was written and submitted by user Tamia Silva to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essential Tips to Mind Dealing with University Homework

Essential Tips to Mind Dealing with University Homework Essential Tips to Mind Dealing with University Homework You may be comfortable and confident with the way that you were taught to complete written assignments and assessments during your secondary school years, but undoubtedly you will find that when you move on to college, university, or other tertiary studies that the expectations are at a whole different level. When you are completing your homework or assessments for your university studies, there are a lot of things to think about. Achieving good grades during your university studies requires you to follow some specific ways of structuring your work, demonstrating the process that you have followed to build your arguments and support your conclusions. In this article, we will take a look at some of the key aspects of written assessment or homework that you need to bear in mind when you are tackling your university homework. Profound Research One of the most important elements of your written research is demonstrating that you have identified and understood the research that is available on the topic that you are addressing. Often, this will be presented as a literature review, you need to be able to clearly articulate what the current research and thinking are on the chosen topic. If you are conducting additional, original research, then you need to clearly document this and include your findings in your writing to demonstrate how it supports the argument that you are making and the conclusions that you have reached. Supported Claims This level of university assessment requires you to be able to illustrate your writing with the facts needed to back up any claims that you are making. You have to be able to verify what you are saying this type of assessment is not an opinion piece. If you are making any sort of claim or assertion, then you need to be able to demonstrate what you are basing those claims on. Creative Skills Your university studies are a great opportunity to develop and demonstrate your critical thinking and creative approach to problem-solving. It is important that you are not simply repeating what everyone else has already said on a specific subject. You need to try and find a fresh point of view or a fresh perspective on the subject that you are writing about. Professional Language The language that you use when writing your assessment or homework is almost as important as what you are actually saying. You need to present your information and arguments clearly, professional, using a neutral tone, not an emotive tone. Think of it as speaking to someone that you have not met before, not one of your close friends. You need to impress them with your ability to clearly convey and explain your point of view. Whatever subject you are studying or whatever level of studies you have reached, ensuring that you bear in mind the basic principles required to achieve great grades in your assessments will get you a long way. Do not let yourself be overwhelmed by the amount of work that you need to complete, prioritize the most important things you need to get done, stay focused, and keep working towards your academic aspirations. If you need help with your university homework assignment, dont hesitate to contact our online homework writing service with academic experts you can fully rely on.

Authoritarian Approach to Management Assignment

Authoritarian Approach to Management - Assignment Example The researcher states that the authoritarian approach to management builds high walls between management and employees which impedes development for the department. The old adage "two heads are better than one" certainly applies to such a management problem. It is necessary that management realizes the contributions of employees to the success of operations and their ideas or thoughts or opinions must not go unheard because suggestions coming from the men themselves doing the job are the most realistic ideas to be considered. Apart from the fact that an authoritarian management approach problematically impedes development, such a problem also raise the issue of growth on the part of the employees. Employment should contribute to the growth and maturity of an individual. However, when a problematic authoritarian management approach is used, employee development is difficult to achieve. When employee development is not promoted in a particular working environment, therefore there is no room for competitiveness. Such is an injustice towards employees and affects the total impression about the country's workers. When companies and/or government agencies/departments refuse to foster competitiveness towards its employees, the country will face problems in the fast pace of globalization. The alternative that exists to resolve the problem is to provide management training for directors and management teams to provide a wider perspective on management. Training for high ranking officials are quite unpopular however, it must be realized that management people are in most need for training to acknowledge a viewpoint outside of their own, to introduce a new practice to create a better environment, adopt an approach shared by other management trainees which have been a proven successful approach. All these and more are learned in training. Thus, with an authoritarian approach, training as an alternative to resolve the problem may open opportunities for change. Change that, will empower employees to open doors to success and develop competitiveness amongst employees. The likely consequence of the alternative which had been identified (training for high ranked officials/management) is adopting change as the training open doors of opportunities for fresh ideas, and leadership education. Chances for authoritarian management will open to change and accept suggestions, the language of "we" instead of "I". Training makes a difference to create a better and more accommodating environment due to the realization made by the officials and managers during the process of the training. The consequence to develop competitive employees, contributing to the growth and development of the department where they are assigned.

Principles of Research and Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Principles of Research and Practice - Assignment Example Many researchers categorize empirical research methods into three categories: experimental, correlational, and descriptive (Creswell: 1994). These all correspond to ways of taking guesses and theories about humanity into argument with knowledge. Researchers must conduct testing for a wider range of basis, testing starts from pre-testing a research design to challenging the process of a measuring instrument. There is a popular application of methods in examining the fundamentals of hypotheses and this is very appropriate in giving the most reliable evidence of causation (Deacon ET. Al.:1999). A researcher must work on two essential things; first, he must have a control to at least one independent variable. He must observe and measure an independent variable. Second, he must do a random assignment, the researcher must decide whether or to what extent an investigational contributor is depicted to the independent variable. The numerous independent variable in an investigational designs i s significantly helpful, the outcomes in the field of media may vary for different kinds of people, such as creating consent to the knowledgeable study of these differences (Jensen: 2002). For example, including both experiences to mediated opposition and gender in one design allows a researcher to observe the independent variable with hostility and their interaction. ... In order to use mass communication, social and cultural backgrounds of the viewers must be observed to give a full description of the "real" world. For an instance, connection to broadcasted violence usually happens at home (Malhorta and Birks: 2000). If a researcher be in control of it, he has no guarantee that the results studied will be relevant in more distinctive contexts. Thus, experimental research may specify what can happen, rather than what really happen in "realistic" situations. Experimental research also leans to be limited to the short-term effect of the mass media. One typically cannot influence and have power over media-related activities for months or years. The researcher has no influence in a study using a co-variation among variables, such as televised violence and assault in children (Jensen: 2002). As an alternative, a researcher generally determines the variables as they take place obviously. Such studies usually fall well short of gathering the standards for c ausal conclusion. A correlation study, regarding measures of discovery to televised violence and aggression; it was a synchronic or cross-sectional study. Each variable was assessed at only one time point. It is occasionally probable to control time order by using a diachronic study, concerning more than one time point. One could correlate a determined independent variable with later adjusts in a dependent variable. Regardless of this inadequacy, correlational studies usually reflect naturally in occurring processes. In this sense, they are high in external validity. In fact, many questions are examined using both experimental and correlational techniques (Malhorta and Birks: 2000). To the extent, each type gives similar evidence such as a person's exposure to mediated

Divorces Development And Influence On Modern Society History Essay

Divorces Development And Influence On Modern Society History Essay Our ability to form and be part of enduring and lifelong lasting families is a basic human necessity, and a need everyone tries to fulfill. However, changes in time lead to changes in family structures as well as in family principles. This essay will review the relatively new reality of divorce as a cultural phenomenon and will make an attempt to explain its effect on modern western society. Firstly, it will do so by explaining the recent rise in divorce through researching how the change from pre-industrial, rural society to modern, industrial society led to a change in family ties and personal social relationships [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. Secondly, this paper will explain the historical development of divorce jurisdictions. Lastly, this paper will examine the connection between the rise of individuality and the rise in divorce. As time progresses, events occur that will lead to changes in civilization. The most recent, major change that took place in history was the global transformation brought on by the Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution resulted in extensive changes in society and started to form how it is today. Since these changes occurred in a rapid and extreme manner, traditional rules were no longer suitable to be applied in this renewed world. For instance, technological inventions were not only the main factor in making the Industrial Revolution possible; they also enabled developments in science and rapidly increased mans knowledge of the physical universe. The revolution transforming civilization threatened the existence of the dominant religion of Christianity. Foremost, before the industrialization, the Church had adapted itself to the predominate rural economy. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution this economy changed, for towns and cities were developing at speed. Due to the the vast rise in population during the Industrial Revolution, a brutal exploitation of labour became the new standard. The terrible working conditions, poverty, and the deterioration of morals caused anger to grow towards the current system and the Church, who failed to remedy the situation. This eventually lessened the influence of the Church. Over time, it even lead to a change of focus in society; from the collective social structure, based on family, it moved to the importance and development of the individual. In addition, technical inventions led to urbanization as well as it offered geographical mobility. In the course of industrialization, the consequenses of these aspects can be viewed through the change in family ties. HÃ ¶llinger and Haller discuss, amongst other things, the impact of urbanization on kinship structure. In rural areas people meet their relatives, especially their extended kin, more frequently than do their fellow countrymen in urban areas. On the international level. this means that the higher the degree of urbanization of the respective countries, the larger the spatial distance from relatives and the less frequent are contacts with kin. [112] Thus, urbanization and the newly found ability to cover great ranges of land led people to live from growing distance from their kin. Because of these developments, contacts with the extended family were reduced, while emotional bonds with the nuclear family strengthened [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. Furthermore, another aspect that was introduced in modernized society was that the individuals social ties could now be shaped throughout his or her life. This newly found possibility even applied to closest friends and, more importantly, to kin. No more are relationships toward close kin necessarily seen as a life-long commitment [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. In most Western nations, over one-third of all marriages ends in dissolvement [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. It can be said that this important change in family structure is in fact the norm in todays society. In conclusion, the changes in economic innovation seem to go hand in hand with the variation in levels of social ties with kin [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110], just as the loosening of family ties seems to coinside with the rise of divorce. As has been discussed in the previous paragraphs, a new social structure arose as a result of the Industrial Revolution. When focussing on divorce, it can thus be said that the concept is a relatively recent phenomenon. Divorce has never been as extensive in modern Western society as it has become in current times [Phillips ix]. Additionally, just as society did, the law had to undergo a transformation in most countries as well. Since England was the first to feel the effects of the Industrial Revolution, this country will be used to exemplify the development in divorce jurisdiction. Until the mid-nineteenth century, the English law mostly took the Christian standpoint on marriage on as a rule, defining it as a lifelong lasting union and leaving little room for the option of dissolvement. Nevertheless, a growth in demand for divorce during the Industrial Revolution can be seen in the table on the next page. In this table, the dissolution of individual marriages in England by private Act of Parliament is shown by a periodic interval of ten years [Phillips 65]. The table clearly demonstrates the early rise in divorce as the Industrial Revolution progressed. However still uncommon, such divorces were evolving into regular occurrences [Phillips 64]. In this stage, divorce was only open to male artistocrats, for divorce was almost exclusively monopolized by men, and costs of the procedure were high [Phillips 66]. Additionally, the only acceptable premise for divorce was the wifes proven adultery. Despite these disadvantages, the only legal way by which a marriage could be resolved in England remained parliamentary divorce until 1858, when the countrys first divorce law was implemented [Phillips 64]. The 1858 Matrimonial Causes Act made divorce possible for all people, including women. Still, women who divorced on the premise of adultery not only had to prove their husband unfaithfulness, but had to prove additional wrongdoings as well, such as cruelty, incest or desertation for two years or more [National Archives]. In 1923, a private members bill facilitated the process for women to plead for divorce on grounds of adultery, although, it still needed to be proved [A Brief History of Divroce]. A change in legislation occurred in 1937, when divorce was permitted on other grounds, for instance drunkenness, insanity, and desertation [A Brief History of Divorce]. Up until this time, divorce was still considered to be taboo, and a shameful process to undertake. However, over the next period, the modernization of society and the developement in social structures in terms of individuality and eqaulity in gender gradually changed the view towards divorce and therefore called for a different approach in the law concerning it. This resulted in the Divorce Reform Act, which was passed in 1969. The Divorce Reform Act permitted divorce if the couple requesting it had been seperated for more than two years, or for more than five years if the divorce was requested by only one spouse [A Brief History of Divorce]. This revision is considered to be a landmark in the law concerning divorce because a spouse no longer had to prove his or her partners fault; a marriage could be dissolved if it had broken down beyond repair [A Brief History of Divorce]. Most importantly, the Divorce Reform Act created the basic structure of Englands divorce law today. Furthermo re, it can be said that the regulation in divorce jurisdictions is closely linked to the process of gender equality. In other words, the development in womens right can be linked back to the history of divorce laws. The increase in divorce lessened the taboo that used to stigmatize it, resulting in a shift of focus in society. When directing attention to the European social structure, it can be said that the notions of family in different countries are overall quite similar. The divorce rates, however, are not. The divorce rates in various European countries are shown in the table on the next page [Divorce Magazine]. When examining the table and the differences in divorce rates, a number of results are quite striking. Firstly, the top three European countries with the highest percentage of marriage ending in divorce are all Scandinavian countries. Secondly, the three most southern European countries -Portugal, Spain, and Italy- reside at the bottom of the list. As has been mentioned before, economic modernization and various degrees in social contacts seem to be closely linked [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. Additionally, it can be said that the higher percentage of marriage ending in divorce in Northwestern and Central Europe is not only an effect of industrial development but also of the endurance of particular preindustrial family structures [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. Through this, the exeptionally low divorce rate of, for example, Italy can be explained. As is demonstrated in the table, only ten percent of all marriages in Italy end in dissolvement. When comparing Italys sociocultural history with present norms and traditions, it can be seen that the concept of strong family ties, which has deep social and cultural roots in this country, is an aspect of Italian life that is still of high importance today [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. The powerful influence of the Roman Catholic Church, which beliefs concerning family principals do not permit divorce, has often been ascribed as a reason for that [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. This influence seems to be stronger in Italy than in other Southern European countries such as Spain and Portugal, whos sociocultural family traditions closely resemble those of Italy. However, it could be argued that the existence of the Vatican and Pope seem to keep Christianity more alive in Italy than in other countries. In contrast to the decreasing influence of the familial structure on modern society, the concept of individuality and non-kinship ties gained importance over time. In other words, over this century, the life course has become individualized. () Because individual lives in the past were more integrated with familial goals, many decisions today considered individual, such as starting work, leaving home, and getting married, were part of collective family timing strategies. [Hareven 107-108]. The development of individuality and thus the importance of friends in modern society can be seen in the table below. In this table, HÃ ¶llinger and Haller present an overview of the expectations people have of those around them in emergency situations. The results from seven different Western countries tallied to show for which roles expectations were higher. For example, the highest percentage of people answered that they rely on their partner for instrumental as well as emotional assistance. It it interesting to note, however, that friends hold the second highest place. In the preindustrial times, the results would show a greater percentage of reliance on family members. This graph helps to illustrate that the decrease in familial ties correlates with the rise in divorce. Additionally, the rise in divorce coinsides with the movement towards the idea of marriage being a union between two people in love, rather than a union of convenience. In most Western societies, marriage is no longer prevailed by a difference in status or race. In this sense, divorce is now seen as a notion of freedom, just as marriage is. Thus, divorce paved the way for many other marital phenomenon and disertations from the traditional family structure, such as inter-racial marriages, gay marriages, cohabitation without marriage, single-parent adoption, and so on. In short, the Industrial Revolution altered society during the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Urbanization, technical inventions, scientific discoveries, and the decrease of influence of the Church had great impact on the existing social structure and thus, on kinship ties. As a result, divorce became a regular occurence, which led to a development in divorce jurisductions. Nowadays, the European concepts of family are generally similar, while the divorce rates are not. The existence of lower divorce rates can be explained by a higher influence of Christianity in combination with deeply embedded sociocultural family traditions. Over time, as family ties loosened, non-kinship ties have gained importance. This rise in individuality is also closely linked to the rise in divorce. On the whole, divorce smoothed the path for the acceptance and legal recognition of various other matrimonial situations as well as other options that differ from the traditional notion of fami ly.

Marketing Mix Apple Essay

In the economy, the marketing has an important position which decides almost the success of the company or the brand. Most of well-known brands in the world also have a good marketing plan; Apple is the best example for having excellent marketing strategies. In this essay, the marketing mix strategy of Apple will be discussed to understand how Apple makes their high value in more details. The first thing to take account into marketing mix strategy is the product. As already known, Apple is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sell consumer electronics, computer sofware, and personal computers. Apple provides the customer a wide range of product that covers many field of technology. For instance, the most special invention of Apple is Apple Macintosh, they have many kinds of Mac with many different size and options of configuration. Moreover, IPod was known as the first mp3 player of the world. It is not only the mp3 player but also the symbol of music fashion. Until now, IPod still affects gradually to market of mp3 players. In addition, in the last five years, Apple has created new-brand market for smartphone with their special product – IPHONE. From IPhone 2G, 3G, 3Gs, 4G, 4Gs to 5G, IPhone always make a big wave to the technology world. That proves products of Apple always have strong range to the technological market. What is more, another invention of Apple that also makes a new move of technology is IPAD. It leads for a new century of tablet. Now IPad may be known as the best tablet in many customers’ s mind. Beside that, Apple gives their customer many other products such as iTunes, accessories, and service. Second, price also is important part of marketing mix strategy. The price of all products of Apple is now low compared to their competitor’s product’s price but there is a reason for this issue. Apple is the premium brand that does not compete on price. They may dominate the market even though their price may be quite high in some countries. Generally, Apple is proud that their products is union between technology and liberal arts so they not just sell products, they sell art. IPhone, Ipad, and IPod also are symbol of fashion. In conclusion, the price of Apple’s product is made for their customer’s value. The next is place. Apple’s headquater is located at Infinite Loop, Curpetino, California. They have over 200 retails around the world. Major cities have at least three big stores, more important, the customer not only purchase products but only can test them, receive supported imformation, and they may not buy products if they do not want. This is the key of success of Apple to satisfy their customer. Finally, promotion create difference of Apple’s marketing mix strategy. Apple just use launching new product to promote their products with their great ability of presentation of Apple CEO – Steve Jobs. Moreover, Apple does not join CES exhibition or any advertising. In addition, Apple made a big unchangeable symbol in customer, therefore, the customer always compare their product to their competitors’s prodcuts. It is indirect to promote for Apple. Beside that, the online Apple store offers free ship for the orders over $50, iTunes gift card, and special discount for refunished products. In conclusion, marketing mix strategy creates the brand of Apple. There is a wide range of product such as Iphone, Ipad, Ipod, and Mac with suiable price for their prenium brand. They have big network of great retail and unique promotion. Reference: www.wikipedia.com www.marketingteacher.com